金屬(shu)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)一般分(fen)為(wei)工(gong)(gong)藝功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)和運用功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)兩類。所謂工(gong)(gong)藝功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)是指機械(xie)零(ling)件在(zai)加工(gong)(gong)制(zhi)作過程中(zhong)，金屬(shu)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)在(zai)所定的冷、熱處理工(gong)(gong)裝條件下表現出來(lai)的功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)。金屬(shu)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)工(gong)(gong)藝功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)的好壞，決(jue)議了(le)它在(zai)制(zhi)作過程中(zhong)加工(gong)(gong)成形的適應(ying)能(neng)力。

 因(yin)為加工(gong)條件(jian)不同(tong)，要求的工(gong)藝功(gong)(gong)能(neng)也不同(tong)，如鑄造(zao)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)、可焊性、可鍛性、熱處理功(gong)(gong)能(neng)、切削加工(gong)性等。所謂運(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)是指機械零件(jian)在運(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)條件(jian)下，金屬材料(liao)表(biao)現出來的功(gong)(gong)能(neng)，它包括機械功(gong)(gong)能(neng)、物(wu)理功(gong)(gong)能(neng)、化學功(gong)(gong)能(neng)等。金屬材料(liao)運(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)的好壞(huai)，決議了它的運(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)范(fan)圍與運(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)壽命。